Managing your child’s blood glucose levels is at the heart of caring for a child with diabetes. Whether your child has Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes, maintaining stable blood sugar levels is essential for their well-being and long-term health. In this guide, we’ll explore the key aspects of blood glucose management, from understanding blood glucose levels to practical tips for monitoring and maintaining healthy levels.
What Are Blood Glucose Levels?
Blood glucose levels, often referred to as blood sugar levels, measure the concentration of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. Glucose serves as the primary source of energy for the body’s cells and is obtained from the foods we eat. Maintaining blood glucose within a healthy range is crucial to ensure the body’s proper functioning.
What Are Blood Glucose Levels Measured In?
Blood glucose levels are typically measured in millimoles per litre (mmol/L) or milligrams per decilitre (mg/dL). This measurement reflects the amount of glucose present in a specific volume of blood.
If you read about blood glucose readings that seem very high, like 140 or 220, divide them by 18 to get the mmol/L.
What Affects Blood Glucose Levels?
Several factors can influence blood glucose levels, including:
- Food Intake: Carbohydrates, the primary source of glucose, have a direct impact on blood sugar levels. Proteins and fats can also influence glucose levels, albeit to a lesser extent.
- Insulin: Insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas, regulates the uptake of glucose into cells. In Type 1 diabetes, the pancreas no longer produces insulin, while in Type 2 diabetes, the body’s cells may become resistant to insulin.
- Physical Activity: Depending on the type of exercise, blood sugar levels may increase or decrease.
- Stress and Illness: Stress and illnesses, such as infections, can lead to elevated blood sugar levels.
- Hormones: Hormones released by the body can also affect blood glucose levels.
How Do I Check My Child’s Blood Glucose Levels?
Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels is essential. The process involves using a blood glucose meter to obtain a small sample of blood, usually from a finger prick. The meter then provides an immediate reading of the child’s current blood sugar level. This information helps you make timely decisions about insulin dosing, meals, and activities.
Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) are innovative medical devices designed to provide real-time monitoring of a person’s blood glucose levels. They offer a more comprehensive and continuous picture of blood sugar fluctuations compared to traditional fingerstick blood glucose meters, which provide only point-in-time readings.
What Should My Child’s Blood Glucose Levels Be?
The target blood glucose range can vary depending on factors such as age, diabetes type, and individual circumstances. In September, 2021 the target blood glucose levels for people with diabetes in the UK are generally recommended to be within the following ranges:
- Fasting/Before Meals: Between 4.0 to 7.0 mmol/L (72 to 126 mg/dL)
- After Meals: Below 9.0 mmol/L (162 mg/dL)
What Is an HbA1c?
HbA1c, or haemoglobin A1c, is a crucial measure of long-term blood glucose control. It reflects the average blood glucose levels over the past two to three months. The results are presented as a percentage. A lower HbA1c percentage indicates better blood sugar control and reduced risk of diabetes-related complications.
Staying Informed and Connected
Managing your child’s blood glucose levels requires vigilance and dedication. Regular communication with your child’s healthcare team is essential for adjusting treatment plans and addressing concerns. Educate yourself about diabetes management strategies, carb counting, insulin administration, and recognising signs of high or low blood sugar.
Embracing the Journey
Managing your child’s blood glucose levels is a journey filled with learning and adaptation. As you become more familiar with your child’s unique needs and responses, you’ll be better equipped to make informed decisions that support their health and well-being. Remember that you’re not alone—there’s a strong community of parents, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and support groups ready to assist you every step of the way. By staying proactive and engaged, you can empower your child to lead a fulfilling life despite the challenges posed by diabetes.
